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Basilar migraine is a name for a type of migraine that is also known as basilar artery migraine, basilar type migraine, brainstem migraine and Bickerstaff syndrome. In the past, this type of migraine was believed to be caused by a spasm of the artery of the basilar in the brain; hence, its name. It affects persons of all ages but like all other forms of migraine, sufferers are predominantly female.
The most common symptom of a basilar migraine is aura that is originating from the brainstem affecting the two hemispheres of the brain, which lasts no more than sixty minutes. The visual disturbance can include temporary blindness and is very traumatic for the sufferer. This migraine is similar to a classic migraine or migraine with aura that is localized to the brain stem.
To diagnose a migraine as basilar, several criteria have to be met. There should be two episodes of attack with aura together with two or more of the following symptoms: slurred speech, vertigo, tinnitus, impaired hearing, double vision, unsteadiness, decreased level of consciousness, and numbness or tingling sensation. When motor weakness is experienced, more tests should be conducted to differentiate basilar migraine from another type called hemiplagic migraine. Symptoms could also be sings for other underlying conditions, necessitating further physical exams such as CT scan, MRI and EEG.
These migraines are very disabling especially when there is temporary vision loss. Moreover, the auras associated with it have a longer duration than the common types of the disease. Therefore, educating the family or colleagues of people who suffer from it is important so they will be able to assist the sufferer in the best way possible during attacks and untoward incidents can be avoided. It is believed that those who suffer from this have an increased risk of stroke because aneurysms can develop in the areas where the migraines occur. When aneurysms do occur, surgery will have to be performed.
The medications prescribed for basilar migraine is more or less similar to those of the other migraine types: analgesics, anti-nausea, painkillers, beta blockers and antidepressants. However, care must be taken in prescribing these medicines because some drugs have contraindications for this migraine. As much as possible, patients must consult a migraine specialist for treatment because this is one of the more rare types of the disease and a general practitioner might not be qualified to treat it. Moreover, medical treatments must be continuous and doctor's visits must not be missed.
Since a basilar migraine is not common, medical studies have not been conducted on it as extensively as the more typical types. Indeed, more information is needed about the nature of the disease and its possible treatments. Although this might be the case, migraine sufferers can still take an optimistic view of the future because modern medicine is continually opening up new avenues for treatment which allows for more effective management of basilar migraine.
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