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A Heater is any object that emits heat or causes another body to achieve a higher temperature. In a household or domestic setting, heaters are usually appliances whose purpose is to generate heating (i.e. warmth).
Ceramic elements are the heaters of choice in most applications, but quartz heaters are favoured in industrial applications where rapid heater response is necessary. Quartz heaters provide infrared radiation in the medium wavelength of 1.5 to 5.6 microns.
Quartz elements can also be supplied with an in-built type K thermocouple. Quartz infrared heaters consist of a wound resistance coil, which is run through a series of parallel quartz tubes, all of which is encased in a highly reflective aluminised steel body.
Electric heating is any process in which electrical energy is converted to heat. Common applications include heating of buildings, cooking, and industrial processes. An electric heater is an electrical appliance that converts electrical energy into heat. The heating element inside every electric heater is simply an electrical resistor, and works on the principle of Joule heating: an electric current through a resistor converts electrical energy into heat energy.
Induction heating is a non-contact method of heating a conductive body by utilizing a strong magnetic field. Supply (mains) frequency 50/60 Hz induction heaters incorporate a coil directly fed from the electricity supply, typically for lower power industrial applications where lower surface temperatures are required.
Solar water heating or solar hot water is water heated by the use of solar energy. Solar heating systems are generally composed of solar thermal collectors, a water storage tank or another point of usage, interconnecting pipes and a fluid system to move the heat from the collector to the tank. This thermodynamic approach is distinct from semiconductor photovoltaic (PV) cells that generate electricity from light; solar water heating deals with the direct heating of liquids by the sun where no electricity is directly generated.
An air pre heater (APH) is a general term to describe any device designed to heat air before another process (for example, combustion in a boiler) with the primary objective of increasing the thermal efficiency of the process. The purpose of the air pre heater is to recover the heat from the boiler flue gas, which increases the thermal efficiency of the boiler by reducing the useful heat lost in the flue gas. As a consequence, the flue gases are also sent to the flue gas stack (or chimney) at a lower temperature, allowing simplified design of the ducting and the flue gas stack. It also allows control over the temperature of gases leaving the stack.
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