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Crime scene investigations make use of available evidences to solve a case, and in most cases, fingerprints are collected as important data to help investigators find leads to the crime. Generally, fingerprints has three different types depending on the way they where left behind. Fingerprints left on oily walls are much easier to find compared to one left on a plastic bag without any visible substance.
These types of fingerprints are Patent fingerprints, plastic fingerprints, and latent fingerprints. Patent fingerprints are the ones usually left on places with mediums like dirt, grease, ink, paint or blood. These become readily available and are very much visible to the naked eye. Another type is the plastic fingerprints which usually have a three dimensional quality and happens when the offender unconsciously or consciously placed a fingerprint into soft mediums such as dust, wax, soap or margarine. And then there is the latent fingerprint which is usually invisible and may not be seen without the use of special light circumstances and other means of processing.
Patent and plastic fingerprints can be photographed and such shots can be used to compare. Usually these fingerprints are lighted at slight angles to increase the contrast. Still, there are very few ways to document this kind of evidence. In case the offender does not have any fingerprints left on the scene, identification may still be possible but it's going to be more difficult to obtain. One may use simple tools to search for fingerprints such as black powder or pen light, but some may also use more sophisticated tools such as super glue, lasers or chemical reactions. Investigators use technical processes depending on the kind of surface the fingerprint was left or found. Harder surfaces may require the use of powders and in some cases chemicals are used for more porous surfaces. Sometimes fingerprints may also become visible under ultra violet light or even small flashlights.
But did you know how fingerprinting and the use of fingerprints for identification came about? The Chinese people where the first to use this method for individual identification. Fingerprinting has started over 1500 years ago though it was not used for solving crimes yet. The Chinese used fingerprinting for signing and officiating documents and other such as artworks.
One major concern for fingerprinting though is the use of ink when one takes the actual fingerprint. The person will be left with a black mark for days until it finally wore off. This is why people have tried to find other ways or methods to make fingerprinting an easier process.
Currently, there are digital and electronic scanning technologies developed for fingerprinting, yet there are also some downsides on these. Usually, new methods require intensive trainings for operation and use, and most often, these machines are also fickle and would take a lot of times and tries before a viable print is registered.
Now more and more businesses in government as well as private companies are trying to incorporate the use of fingerprinting in their daily operations. And since it is still has some downsides, most companies are still waiting for the best machine that has all the technologies put in and will provide them with the best results.
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